ABSTRACT
Eight limonoids were isolated from 95% ethanol extracts of neem(Azadirachta indica) seeds by various chromatographic methods. By comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures, these limonoids were determined as salannin(1), 1-detigloyl-1-isobutylsalannin(2), salannol-3-acetate(3), salannol(4), spirosendan(5), 1-detigloyloxy-3-deacetylsalannin-1-en-3-one(6), nimbin(7) and 6-deacetylnimbin(8). Compounds 2 and 5 were firstly isolated from this genus and 5 represented the only example of its type. And 6 is a new natural product. 6 showed inhibitory activity against HeLa and HL-60 cells, with IC₅₀ of(21.61±4.37) and(27.33±5.74) μmol·L⁻¹, respectively. Both 7 and 8 mildly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells, with IC₅₀ of (33.15±5.24) and (38.56±6.41) μmol·L⁻¹, respectively.
Subject(s)
Humans , Azadirachta , Chemistry , HL-60 Cells , HeLa Cells , Limonins , Pharmacology , Phytochemicals , Pharmacology , Plant Extracts , Seeds , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biotransformation of arbutin by 4-hydroxy phenol in hairy root of Polygonum multiflorum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>4-hydroxy phenol was used as substrate, the standard curve was made by HPLC, and the influences of the co-culture time, the concentration of substrate added and the volume of culture flasks on biotransformation of arbutin were measured by the index of the production yield and transform rate of arbutin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Arbutin could be detected from both of the cultures and medium. The correlation curve of arbutin: Y = 440740X - 1.473 (r = 0.9997). The production yield (2.22 g x L(-1)) and conversion ratio (81.45%) of arbutin reached the maximum amount as co-culture time at 72 h, substrate added in medium for 1100 mg x L(-1). Furthermore a large-scale culture of 3 L was also successful in our experiment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was firstly to biosynthesis arbutin in hairy root of P. multiflorum. The production yield and trasfer rate of arbutin were increased largely. And large-scale production (3 L culture flask) of arbutin was achieved in the experiment and it would be valuable for the industrial production of arbutin by biotechnological method in the future.</p>
Subject(s)
Arbutin , Biotransformation , Hydroquinones , Metabolism , Plant Roots , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , Metabolism , Polygonum , Metabolism , Tissue Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
This paper reviewed the worldwide research progresses of the genus Laggera both on phytochemical and pharmacological work in the past few decades. The main secondary metabolites of this genus are proved to be sesquitepenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Phamacological investigations revealed that the certain extracts of some Laggera species possess significant bioactivities on anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-viral infection. This review afforded the comprehensive description of the active components as to provide useful references to elucidate their historical clinical application on upper respiratory infection, influenza, parotitis, and recurrent herpes viral infection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Antiviral Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Influenza, Human , Drug Therapy , Molecular Structure , Parotitis , Drug Therapy , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Ranunculaceae , Chemistry , Respiratory Tract Infections , Drug Therapy , Sesquiterpenes , Chemistry , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
The effects of exogenous phytohormones on hairy root growth and biosynthesis of anthraquinones in the hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. were studied. The results showed that the 2,4-D, NAA and 6-BA all have obvious effects on the growth of hairy root cultures and the biosynthesis of anthraquinones. The growth of hairy root and biosynthesis of anthraquinones were strongly restrained by 2,4-D. However, NAA and 6-BA of appropriate concentration were favourable to hairy root growth and anthraquinones production.
Subject(s)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid , Pharmacology , Anthraquinones , Metabolism , Benzyl Compounds , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Kinetin , Pharmacology , Plant Growth Regulators , Pharmacology , Plant Roots , Metabolism , Polygonum , Metabolism , PurinesABSTRACT
The growth characteristics and ginsenosides isolation of the suspension-cultured crown gall of Panax quinquefolium were studied. The result showed that the maximum biomass of cultures was 18.6 g/L (dry weight) and the content of ginsenosides reached its maximum level of 620.4 mg/L on the 27th day. The utilization rates of sugar, phosphorus, nitrogen in NH4+ and nitrogen in NO3- were 91.8%, 100%, 81% and 97%, respectively. Four compounds were isolated from the suspension-cultured crown gall and their structures were elucidated as pseudoginsenoside F11 (I), ginsenoside Rd (II), ginsenoside Rb1 (llI) and ginsenoside Rb3 (IV).
Subject(s)
Culture Media , Culture Techniques , Methods , Ginsenosides , Panax , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , MetabolismABSTRACT
It was clearly demonstrated that T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefeciens Ti plasmid was integrated into the cells of crown gall in our experiment. This paper reported the influences of some kinds of physical-chemistry factors on the growth of crown gall of Panax quinquefolium and the production of its main active compounds--ginsenoside Re and ginsensoside Rg1. The results showed that White medium was the best one for ginsensoside Rg1 accumulation (0.095%) among the six media, but ginsensoside Re accumulation (0.194%) was the highest on the MS medium; The highest contents of ginsensoside Re (0.147%) and ginsensoside Rg1 (0.061%) were on the culture 36d and 32d after innoculum respectively; The optimum pH was 5.6 for ginsensoside Rg1 synthesis(0.054%), and 5.8 for ginsensoside Re synthesis(0. 184% ); The contents of ginsensoside Re and ginsensoside Rg1 was the highest in the inoculum of 4 g and 2 g/flask (FW) respectively. The result also indicated that the concentration of inositol in 0.05 g/L could obviously promote ginsensoside Re synthesis (0.182%), and in 0.30 g/L for ginsensoside Rg1 (0.055%).
Subject(s)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens , Genetics , Physiology , Cell Culture Techniques , Ginsenosides , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Panax , Metabolism , Microbiology , Plant Tumors , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Transformed hairy roots of Polygonium multiflorum Thunb. were obtained by the transformation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA9402. It was clearly demonstrated that T-DNA of A. Rhizogenes Ri plasmid was integrated into the cells of hairy roots by the experiments of PCR and Southern hybridization. Through the screen of basic medium and the research of growth curve of hairy roots, the optimum inoculum time was selected in 30 days or so in the optimum condition-MS medium. On the condition, the content of rhein was 2.85 folds higher in hairy roots than that of natural plants by means of HPLC.